Small drones have been a big headache for both sides in this conflict, but especially for the Russians. It is not just that they are destroying tanks and other vehicles; day after day videos on social media show Ukrainian drones stalking the Russian air defence systems that are supposed to be shooting them down and bombing or directing precision artillery fire onto them.

This should not have come as a surprise. In 2020 a detailed Russian report warned that “… we can conclude that modern [Russian] air defense systems are very poorly adapted to combat UAVs [Uncrewed Air Vehicles, drones].”

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