Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing is a widely used molecular biology technique that allows for the amplification and analysis of DNA or RNA sequences. PCR testing is essential in various fields, including medical diagnostics, genetic research, forensic science, and more. Here are the key details about PCR testing:
Principle of PCR: PCR is based on the principle of repeatedly copying (amplifying) a specific DNA or RNA segment to create millions of identical copies. This process involves a thermocycler machine that cycles through a series of temperature changes to facilitate DNA replication.
Components of a PCR Reaction:
Template DNA or RNA: The sample containing the DNA or RNA to be amplified.
Primers: Short DNA sequences that bind to specific regions on the target DNA or RNA, defining the region to be amplified.
DNA Polymerase: Enzyme responsible for DNA synthesis. Taq polymerase is commonly used as it is stable at high temperatures.
Nucleotides (dNTPs): The individual building b